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Log Sanitization / 日志脱敏

Companion material for AI Agents in Depth, Chapter 3 — intelligent log sanitization that redacts secrets and PII while preserving debug value.
配套《深入理解 AI Agent》第 3 章——在保留调试信息的同时检测并脱敏日志中的敏感数据。

Chapter 3 index / 返回第 3 章目录


English

Overview

Demonstrates detecting and sanitizing sensitive data in Agent logs and tool outputs. Two complementary engines:

  1. Offline rule engine (regex, default) — pure regex + validators (Luhn, ID checksum). No Ollama, no network, no external framework. Deterministic and fast; first line of defense before logs hit disk. Covers both secrets (API keys, cloud tokens, private keys, connection-string passwords) common in Agent scenarios and traditional PII (ID cards, phones, credit cards, emails, etc.).
  2. Local LLM engine (llm) — Ollama with a small local model (default qwen3:0.6b) for semantic Level 3 PII. Echoes the chapter point that small models can handle structured tasks, and also shows limits (e.g. descriptive prefixes instead of raw strings → replacement failure).

Quick demo (offline, no extra deps): python main.py --demo — before/after samples and category summary.

Categories covered by the offline rule engine

regex_sanitizer.py processes by priority (higher wins on overlap); each becomes a labeled placeholder:

Category Placeholder Notes
Private key / cert [REDACTED_PRIVATE_KEY] PEM private key blocks
JWT [REDACTED_JWT] eyJ... three-part tokens
URL credentials [REDACTED_URL_CRED] scheme://user:PASSWORD@host
AWS access key [REDACTED_AWS_KEY] AKIA...
GitHub / Slack / Google / OpenAI keys [REDACTED_*_TOKEN] / [REDACTED_API_KEY] ghp_, xoxb-, AIza, sk-
Bearer token [REDACTED_BEARER_TOKEN] Authorization: Bearer ...
Password / secret assignments [REDACTED_SECRET] password=..., token: ..., etc.
Email [REDACTED_EMAIL]
Credit card [REDACTED_CREDIT_CARD] Luhn-validated to cut false positives
IBAN [REDACTED_IBAN]
US SSN [REDACTED_SSN]
National ID [REDACTED_ID_CARD] Mainland China 18-digit with checksum
Phone [REDACTED_PHONE] Mainland China
IP address [REDACTED_IP] IPv4

Level 3 PII categories (LLM engine)

Highly sensitive items in the privacy architecture, including: SSN, credit cards, bank accounts, medical record numbers, diagnoses/treatment, prescriptions, driver’s license, passport, financial PINs, tax IDs, health insurance IDs, biometric data.

Features

  • Offline rule engine: regex + Luhn/ID checksum; keys/secrets + PII; no model/network
  • Local LLM: Ollama + small model (default qwen3:0.6b) for privacy-preserving PII detection
  • Internal reasoning: model thinking via <think> tags
  • Streaming: real-time thinking and detection progress
  • Performance metrics: TTFT, token counts, speeds
  • Batch processing: user-memory-evaluation Layer 3 cases
  • Detailed metrics: prefill / output time and tok/s for both phases

Installation

1. Install Ollama (LLM path only)

OpenRouter fallback: Default is local Ollama. If Ollama is unavailable and OPENROUTER_API_KEY is set, the Agent falls back to OpenRouter (default hosted model openai/gpt-5.6-luna). To force fallback: export OLLAMA_HOST=http://127.0.0.1:1.

macOS:

brew install ollama
ollama serve  # separate terminal

Linux:

curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh
systemctl start ollama

Windows: Download from ollama.com

Ollama steps apply only to --mode llm or the LLM batch eval path. Offline rule engine (--demo, --input) needs only the Python stdlib.

2. Pull model

ollama pull qwen3:0.6b

~500MB disk; you may use qwen3:1.7b or qwen3:4b for higher accuracy.

3. Python deps

# From the repository root: use the shared Chapter 3 environment
uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch3

# Activate it before changing directories:
# macOS/Linux:
source .venv/bin/activate
# Windows PowerShell: .\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
# Windows cmd: .venv\Scripts\activate.bat

# pip fallback when uv is not installed:
# python -m pip install -e ".[ch3]"

cd chapter3/log-sanitization

# Single-project compatibility path, still supported during migration:
# python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

Usage

Full flags: python main.py --help (Chinese help text).

python main.py --demo

Sanitize a log file (offline)

python main.py --input app.log                 # writes app.log.sanitized
python main.py --input app.log -o cleaned.log  # custom output

Rule engine alone on built-in samples:

python regex_sanitizer.py

Offline validation

# From the repository root; include dev tools for pytest.
uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch3 --extra dev
source .venv/bin/activate
# Windows PowerShell: .\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

cd chapter3/log-sanitization
python -m pytest tests
python main.py --demo
python regex_sanitizer.py

tests/ contains offline regressions for sanitizer rules and LLM-output parsing. test_loader.py remains at the project root intentionally: despite its name, it is a support module imported by main.py, not a pytest file. The loader debug helper lives at tests/manual/loader_debug.py.

Local LLM engine

python main.py --demo --mode llm
python main.py --input app.log --mode llm --model qwen3:1.7b

Process all Layer 3 test cases (LLM batch path)

Uses LLM only; needs Ollama and the chapter3 user-memory-evaluation framework:

python main.py

Specific test / limit

python main.py --test-id layer3_13_emergency_medical_cascade
python main.py --limit 3

Model choice

python main.py --demo --mode llm --model qwen3:4b   # default qwen3:0.6b

Output structure

Under output/:

output/
├── <test_id>_sanitized.txt    # Sanitized conversation text
├── <test_id>_summary.json     # Summary of PII found and replaced
├── performance_metrics.json   # Detailed performance metrics
└── performance_summary.json   # Aggregated performance statistics

Performance metrics

Timing: Prefill (TTFT), Output Time, Total Time (ms)
Tokens: Input / Output counts; Prefill / Output speed (tok/s)
Sanitization: PII items found; replacements with [REDACTED]

Architecture

  1. regex_sanitizer.py — offline rule sanitizer
  2. samples.py — offline demo samples
  3. config.py — Ollama model and PII categories
  4. test_loader.py — loads user-memory-evaluation cases (support module, not pytest)
  5. agent.py — LLM sanitization via Ollama
  6. metrics.py — metrics collection
  7. main.py — entry / orchestration
  8. tests/ — offline pytest regressions plus manual loader debug helper

How it works (LLM path)

  1. Load conversations from user-memory-evaluation
  2. Send each to local Qwen3 with a Level 3 PII detection prompt
  3. Replace detected values with [REDACTED]
  4. Collect performance metrics
  5. Write sanitized logs and summaries under output/

Privacy

  • Default local Ollama path sends no data to external APIs
  • OpenRouter fallback (if used) does leave the machine
  • Sanitized logs use placeholders; handle any logged original PII securely

Troubleshooting

Ollama not found: install and ollama serve
Model not found: ollama pull qwen3:0.6b
Evaluation framework not found: expect ../user-memory-evaluation/ (or chapter3 path used by the loader)


中文

概述

演示如何从 Agent 的日志与工具输出中检测并脱敏敏感信息。提供两种互补的脱敏引擎

  1. 离线规则引擎(regex,默认) —— 纯正则表达式 + 校验算法(Luhn、身份证校验码),无需 Ollama、无需网络、无需外部框架,结果确定、速度快,适合作为日志落盘前的第一道防线。同时覆盖 Agent 场景中最常泄露的密钥类敏感信息(API Key、云厂商令牌、私钥、连接串口令)与传统 PII(身份证、手机号、信用卡、邮箱等)。
  2. 本地 LLM 引擎(llm) —— 通过 Ollama 调用本地小模型(默认 qwen3:0.6b)语义识别 Level 3 PII。呼应本章「小模型也能胜任结构化任务」的论点,同时也暴露小模型的局限(例如可能返回带描述前缀的值而非原始字符串,导致回填失败)。

想快速看效果,直接运行 python main.py --demo(离线,无需任何依赖)即可看到多个代表性样本的 before/after 对比与脱敏类别汇总。

离线规则引擎覆盖的敏感信息类别

regex_sanitizer.py 按优先级处理以下类别(重叠时高优先级规则胜出),每类替换为带标签的占位符:

类别 占位符 说明
私钥 / 证书 [REDACTED_PRIVATE_KEY] PEM 私钥块
JWT [REDACTED_JWT] eyJ... 三段式令牌
连接串凭据 [REDACTED_URL_CRED] scheme://user:PASSWORD@host
AWS 访问密钥 [REDACTED_AWS_KEY] AKIA...
GitHub / Slack / Google / OpenAI 密钥 [REDACTED_*_TOKEN] / [REDACTED_API_KEY] ghp_xoxb-AIzask-
Bearer 令牌 [REDACTED_BEARER_TOKEN] Authorization: Bearer ...
口令 / 密钥赋值 [REDACTED_SECRET] password=...token: ...
邮箱 [REDACTED_EMAIL]
信用卡号 [REDACTED_CREDIT_CARD] 通过 Luhn 校验,降低误报
IBAN [REDACTED_IBAN] 国际银行账号
美国社保号 [REDACTED_SSN]
身份证号 [REDACTED_ID_CARD] 中国大陆 18 位,含校验码验证
手机号 [REDACTED_PHONE] 中国大陆
IP 地址 [REDACTED_IP] IPv4

Level 3 PII 类别(LLM 引擎)

隐私架构中的高敏感信息,包括:社保号、信用卡、银行账号、病历号、诊断与治疗信息、处方、驾照、护照、金融 PIN、税号、医保 ID、生物特征数据等。

功能

  • 离线规则引擎:正则 + Luhn/身份证校验;覆盖密钥/机密与 PII;无需模型与网络
  • 本地 LLM:Ollama + 小模型(默认 qwen3:0.6b)做隐私友好的 PII 检测
  • 内部推理:通过 <think> 展示模型思考过程
  • 流式输出:实时显示思考与检测进度
  • 性能指标:TTFT、token 数、处理速度
  • 批量处理:user-memory-evaluation 框架的 Layer 3 用例
  • 详细指标:prefill / 输出时间与两阶段 tok/s

安装

1. 安装 Ollama(仅 LLM 路径需要)

通用回退(OpenRouter):本实验默认用本地 Ollama 小模型。若 Ollama 不可用(未运行 / 不可达)且设置了 OPENROUTER_API_KEY,Agent 会自动改走 OpenRouter(默认托管模型 openai/gpt-5.6-luna)。想强制走回退做验证,可把 Ollama 指到一个不可达端口:export OLLAMA_HOST=http://127.0.0.1:1

macOS:

brew install ollama
ollama serve  # 另开终端

Linux:

curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh
systemctl start ollama

Windows:ollama.com 下载

说明:以下 Ollama 相关步骤仅在使用 --mode llm(本地 LLM 引擎)或运行 LLM 批量评测路径时才需要。离线规则引擎(--demo--input)只依赖 Python 标准库,无需安装 Ollama。

2. 拉取模型

ollama pull qwen3:0.6b

0.6B 模型约需 500MB 磁盘;可按需换用 qwen3:1.7bqwen3:4b 提升准确率。

3. 安装 Python 依赖

# 在仓库根目录使用统一的第 3 章环境
uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch3

# 切换目录前先激活环境:
# macOS/Linux:
source .venv/bin/activate
# Windows PowerShell:.\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
# Windows cmd:.venv\Scripts\activate.bat

# 未安装 uv 时可用 pip 兜底:
# python -m pip install -e ".[ch3]"

cd chapter3/log-sanitization

# 迁移期间仍支持单项目兼容路径:
# python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

用法

完整参数说明见 python main.py --help(中文)。

离线规则演示(推荐,无需 Ollama)

python main.py --demo

脱敏任意日志文件(离线)

python main.py --input app.log                 # 结果写到 app.log.sanitized
python main.py --input app.log -o cleaned.log  # 指定输出文件

也可以直接运行规则引擎模块,仅对内置样本做演示:

python regex_sanitizer.py

离线验证

# 从仓库根目录开始;pytest 需要 dev 依赖。
uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch3 --extra dev
source .venv/bin/activate
# Windows PowerShell: .\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

cd chapter3/log-sanitization
python -m pytest tests
python main.py --demo
python regex_sanitizer.py

tests/ 包含规则脱敏与 LLM 输出解析的离线回归测试。test_loader.py 刻意保留在项目根目录:它虽然以 test_ 开头,但实际是 main.py 导入的用例加载支持模块,不是 pytest 文件。加载器调试助手位于 tests/manual/loader_debug.py

使用本地 LLM 引擎

python main.py --demo --mode llm
python main.py --input app.log --mode llm --model qwen3:1.7b

处理全部 Layer 3 测试用例(LLM 批量评测路径)

该路径固定使用 LLM,需要 Ollama 与 chapter3 评测框架:

python main.py

指定用例 / 限制数量

python main.py --test-id layer3_13_emergency_medical_cascade
python main.py --limit 3

选择模型

python main.py --demo --mode llm --model qwen3:4b   # 默认 qwen3:0.6b

输出结构

脱敏日志与指标保存在 output/ 目录:

output/
├── <test_id>_sanitized.txt    # 脱敏后的对话文本
├── <test_id>_summary.json     # 发现与替换的 PII 摘要
├── performance_metrics.json   # 详细性能指标
└── performance_summary.json   # 聚合性能统计

性能指标

时间: Prefill(TTFT)、输出时间、总时间(毫秒)
Token: 输入/输出数量;Prefill/输出速度(tok/s)
脱敏: 发现的 PII 条数;替换为 [REDACTED] 的次数

架构

  1. regex_sanitizer.py:离线规则脱敏(正则 + Luhn/身份证校验)
  2. samples.py:离线演示用的代表性 Agent 日志样本
  3. config.py:Ollama 模型与 PII 类别配置
  4. test_loader.py:从 user-memory-evaluation 加载用例(支持模块,不是 pytest)
  5. agent.py:基于 Ollama 的 LLM 脱敏逻辑
  6. metrics.py:性能指标采集与报告
  7. main.py:入口与编排
  8. tests/:离线 pytest 回归测试与手动加载器调试助手

工作原理(LLM 路径)

  1. 从 user-memory-evaluation 加载对话历史
  2. 将每段对话送入本地 Qwen3,用专用提示检测 Level 3 PII
  3. 将检出值替换为 [REDACTED]
  4. 采集性能指标
  5. 将脱敏日志与性能摘要写入 output/

隐私考量

  • 默认本地 Ollama 路径不向外部 API 发送数据
  • 若走 OpenRouter 回退则会离开本机
  • 脱敏日志使用占位符;任何原始 PII 日志都应妥善保管

故障排除

找不到 Ollama: 安装并运行 ollama serve
找不到模型: ollama pull qwen3:0.6b
找不到评测框架: 确认 loader 所期望的 ../user-memory-evaluation/(或 chapter3 路径)存在


Notes / 说明

  • Prefer --demo first; Ollama is optional for the rule path.
  • 建议先跑 --demo;规则路径无需 Ollama。